Two main forms of protection in France
France grants two types of international protection through OFPRA (Office Français de Protection des Réfugiés et Apatrides):
- Refugee status — for people persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership of a particular social group (Geneva Convention)
- Subsidiary protection — for people who don't qualify as refugees but face serious risks (death penalty, torture, serious threats in situations of armed conflict) if returned to their country
Step 1: Register your intention to seek asylum
Within 90 days of entering French territory, you must present yourself at the SPADA (Structure de Premier Accueil des Demandeurs d'Asile) in the département where you're staying. They register your application and direct you to the préfecture to obtain a provisional authorisation to remain (APS).
⚠️ Don't wait. If you miss the 90-day window, your application may be classified as "late" — which doesn't prevent you from applying but may affect how your claim is handled.
Step 2: The OFPRA interview
OFPRA invites you to a personal interview (usually in Paris or at a regional venue) where you explain your fears and the reasons you cannot return to your country. An interpreter is provided if needed. The interview is recorded. Preparation is essential — contact a specialist organisation (La Cimade, France terre d'asile, Forum Réfugiés) for support before your interview.
Step 3: OFPRA's decision
OFPRA typically responds within 6 months. Three outcomes:
- Granted: you receive a 10-year carte de résident and can work freely in France
- Subsidiary protection granted: you receive a 4-year titre de séjour, renewable
- Refused: you have 1 month to appeal to the CNDA
Step 4: Appeal to the CNDA
The Cour Nationale du Droit d'Asile (CNDA) reviews OFPRA refusals. You must appeal within 1 month of the OFPRA refusal. During the appeal, you can stay in France. CNDA proceedings typically take 6 to 12 months. Legal aid is available.
Reception conditions while waiting
Asylum seekers in France receive:
- Accommodation in a CADA (Centre d'Accueil pour Demandeurs d'Asile) if available
- ADA (Allocation pour Demandeurs d'Asile) — a monthly financial allowance
- Access to healthcare through the PUMA system after 3 months
- The right to work after 6 months of procedure (if no decision has been made)